Distortion

Distortion

Changes shape on the highway due to compaction occurs on the basis of very poor soil and not in accordance with the provisions, so that changes in shape can not be avoided.
to it that proper handling and fast course indispensable evaluation data of the main causes of the change in shape of the highway.

Distortion can be divided into: 

1. Kinky (corrugation), which occurs transverse grooves road. With the onset of the surface layer of the curly driving the driver will feel discomfort. The cause of this damage is the low stability of the mixture that comes from the very high levels of asphalt, is too much use of fine aggregate, aggregate surface is round and high penetration. Curly can also occur if the traffic is opened before the pavement steady (for liquid asphalt pavement use). Irreparable damage to: 

• If the surface layer has a layered foundation berkeriting the aggregate, proper repair is to scratch the back, mixed with layers of foundation, compacted again and given a new surface layer. 
• If the surface of the binder layer has a thickness of> 5 cm, then the thin layer is experiencing curly layer is removed and a new surface. 

2. Grooves (Ruts), which occurs in parallel with the track wheel as the road. Groove can be a place menggenangnya rainwater that falls on the surface of the road, reducing the level of comfort, and eventually cracks can arise. The occurrence of flow caused by a less dense layer of pavement, thus additional compaction occurs as a result of traffic load repetitions on the track wheel. Asphalt mixtures with low stability can also lead to plastic deformation. Repairs can be done by providing an additional layer of surface layers corresponding. 

3. Jembul (Upheaval), a local happening, with or without cracking. This occurs as a result of land development on the basis of expansive subgrade. Improvements were made to dismantle the damaged portion and overlaying it back. 

Surface defects (disintegration), which leads to chemical and mechanical damage of the pavement layers. 

4. Vanish (grade depressions), a local happening, with or without cracking. Buckle can be detected in the presence of stagnant water. The stagnant water can seep into the pavement layers which ultimately give rise to the hole. 

Cause vanish is the vehicle load exceeds what was planned, poor execution, or a decrease in part due to pavement subgrade settlement experience. 

Repairs can be done by: 

• To disappear is <5 cm, the lower part is filled with appropriate materials such as lapen, lataston, laston. 
• To disappear is> 5 cm, the collapsed section was dismantled and re-ply to ply accordingly. 

3. Spade (shoving), local plastic deformation occurs, where vehicles frequently stop, steep slope, and sharp turns. Damage can occur with / tanparetak. Causes damage equal to the damage curly. Repairs can be done by dismantled and re-coated (see alligator cracks). 

Surface defects were included in this are: 

1. Waiver clause {ravelling), can occur as well as widespread and has the effect caused by the same thing with holes. Can be improved by providing an additional layer on top of which experience a release layer after layer of grain is cleaned, and dried. 
2. Exfoliation {stripping surface layer), can be caused by a lack of bonding between the surface layer and the layer underneath, or too thin surface layer. Can be improved by means of carded, leveled, and compacted. After it is coated with a native. Hole (Potholes), a bowl, varying in size from small to large. These holes accommodate and absorb water into the surface layer which causes more severe damage to the road. 

Holes can occur due to: 

mixture of ugly surface layer material, such as: 

• Low levels of asphalt, bitumen films so thin and easily separated. 
• Aggregate gross so that the bond between the asphalt and aggregate are not good. 
• The temperature of the mixture does not meet the requirements. 

Thin surface layer of asphalt and aggregate bonding so easily separated due to the effects of weather. 

Poor drainage system, so much water is absorbed and accumulate in the pavement layers. 

Cracks that trans adi not immediately addressed so that the water is absorbed and result in small holes. 

The holes are repaired in a manner dismantled and re-coated. Permanent repairs also called deep patch (patch in), which is performed as follows: 

• Clean the hole of water and loose materials. 
• Unloading the surface layer portion and deepest foundations so as to achieve a solid layer (cut in the shape of a rectangle ynag). 
• Give tack coat layer as a binder layer. 
• Fill in the asphalt mix carefully so that no segregation. 
• Condense and form the surface layers of the mixture according to the environment. 

Road surface becomes slippery, wear occurs because the aggregate which are not derived from a wear resistant material on vehicle wheels, or aggregates used are round and smooth, no cubical shape. 

Can be overcome by covering with a layer of latasir, domestic, or latasbun. 

Surface becomes slippery. At high temperatures, the asphalt becomes soft and will happen ruts. Berbahanya for vehicles. Overweight (bleeding) can be caused by the use of high bitumen content in asphalt mixtures, the use of too much asphalt on the prime coat or tack work coat. 

Can be overcome by sprinkling hot and then compacted aggregate or asphalt removed and then given a cover layer. 

Distortion

Occurred along the former utility planting. This occurs because the compaction is not eligible. 

Can be corrected by re demolished and replaced with the appropriate layers.